The state of conservancies report consolidates information and data on conservancies based on key national indicators. The report forms our first baseline for measuring achievements in years ahead and an opportunity for conservancies to gain national and international visibility to enlist support from Kenyans and Partners.

Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association. (2016). State of Wildlife Conservancies in Kenya Report 2016. [Published: 2016]

This publication, which is a joint initiative of the CITES and WTO secretariats, looks back at the relationship between the two organizations and identifies the main elements that have contributed to its harmonious development. The experience of cooperation and cohesion between the two organizations is particularly relevant at a time when the world is nearing key milestones in sustainable development, notably the UN Summit on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. The present joint publication illustrates how the relationship between CITES and the WTO has evolved into a leading example of how global trade and environmental regimes can support each other and work coherently to achieve shared objectives. Enhancing Cooperation for Sustainable Development - World Trade Organization (WTO), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Switzerland, 2015 [Published: 2015]

The ban on the trade in rhino horn was instituted in 1977 and yet, 39 years later, it is very clear that the objective of the ban – that is, to save the rhino from being hunted for its horn – has been unsuccessful. [Published: 2016]

International pressure to ban trophy hunting is increasing. However, this article argues that trophy hunting can be an important conservation tool, provided it can be done in a controlled manner to benefit biodiversity conservation and local people. Where political and governance structures are adequate, trophy hunting can help address the ongoing loss of species. Banning Trophy Hunting Will Exacerbate Biodiversity Loss - Enrico DiMinin, Nigel Leader-Williams, Corey J.A.Bradshaw, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Cell Press, 2015 [Published: 2015]

The objective of this paper is to contribute to ongoing negotiations at the WTO by analyzing MEA trade related measures in the context of the overall objective of the MEAs. In particular, the paper provides a detailed review of the main provisions and specific trade-related measures found in six “core” MEAs, which are the MEAs most frequently identified in the WTO as relevant to the negotiations. Trade-related Measures and Multilateral Environmental Agreements - Economics and Trade Branch Division of Technology, Industry and Economics United Nations Environment Programme, 2007 [Published: 2007]

This paper proposes that it is possible to reconcile the conservation of wild resources with economic development and human welfare so as to ensure that African countries with these resources have an incentive to ensure their long-term management and survival. New strategies for sustainable management of wildlife must address the issues of ownership as well as effective institutions and mechanisms of ensuring equitable sharing of benefits that accrue from wildlife. Some reflections on conservation, sustainable development and equitable sharing of benefits from wildlife in Africa: the case of Kenya and Zimbabwe - Backson M.C. Sibanda, Asenath K. Omweg, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya, October 1996 [Published: 1996]

These guidelines focus on the assessment of managed resources by providing additional detail, key ecological concepts and methodologies for completing a resource assessment, and guidance to incorporate findings into management plans and monitoring systems. Primary emphasis is given to guiding BioTrade organizations and other stakeholders involved in resources management activities on the analysis of species trade potential, comprehension of relevant population ecology concepts and identification of information gaps. Guidelines for the Sustainable Management of BioTrade Products: Resource Assessment - Francisco Cuesta, María Teresa Becerra, UNCTAD, United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013 [Published: 2013]

This paper illustrates the potential for developing Sustainable Environment Management practices such as BioTrade in Latin America. By 2008, these practices had already generated over $230 million in exports of sustainably-produced products and services derived from Latin American’s biodiversity. Trade and Biodiversity the Bio Trade Experience in Latin America - Lorena Jaramillo Castro, UNCTAD, United Nations, 2012 [Published: 2012]

TRAFFIC concludes that succulents of the Chihuahuan Desert can be managed and traded in a sustainable manner as long as the various stakeholders, ranging from resource managers and landowners to harvesters and consumers, take the necessary steps to ensure the conservation of a resource that is valued as much economically as it is ecologically. Prickly Trade: Trade and Conservation of Chihuahuan Desert Cacti - Christopher S. Robbins and Rolando Tenoch
Bárcenas Luna, TRAFFIC North America, Washington D.C.: World Wildlife Fund, 2003 [Published: 2003]

Legitimizing the market for horn may be morally repugnant to some, but it is probably the only way to prevent extinction of Africa’s remaining rhino, as demonstrated by the successful legal trade in crocodile skin. As primary custodian of Africa’s rhino, the South African and Namibian governments should take leadership to enable serious consideration of a highly regulated legal trade as soon as possible. Legal Trade of Africa’s Rhino Horns - Duan Biggs, Franck Courchamp, Rowan Martin, Hugh P. Possingham,  VOL 339 Science Magazine, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1 March 2013 [Published: 2013]